[雙語翻譯]城市形象外文翻譯--年輕人對城市形象的描繪（英文）

1、 Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 38 ( 2012 ) 284 – 292 1877-0428 © 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies(cE-Bs

2、), Faculty of Architecture, Planning therefore, this paper investigates how young people portray the image of a city. Architecture students, aged 19 to 21, were selected to participate in the study, to assess their v

3、iews on a part of the Bangkok Metropolitan Area, running from Silpakorn University to the Southern Bus Station. Each student was required to draw a map to help a traveler who wants to go to the Southern Bus Station. T

4、he results show that several representations styles are used by the students in order to explain their mental images to other people. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility

5、 of Centre for Environment- Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning mental image; abstract thinking; adolescence 1. Introduction The term ‘youths’ in this study is used to describe those people who

6、are young – in a period of their lives between childhood and maturity – that is, they are adolescents. It has been identified that young people build most of their abstract thinking abilities during this development

7、stage, developing a significant ability to think abstractly and to draw conclusions from information available. Youths, and people of all ages, may provide different representations of a subject, which results from the

8、 process of abstract thinking. Examples of this may include the use of numerical notations, language and mental images. For this paper, in which I carry out a study of environmental design and planning, my interest is

9、 in the last aspect: mental images. A mental image is made up of a representation of the physical * Corresponding author. Tel.: +0-662-221-5877; fax: +0-662-221-8837. E-mail address: supakoy@yahoo.com. Available online

10、 at www.sciencedirect.com© 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Centre for Environment- Behaviour Studies(cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning however, tends to

11、 be less tied to concrete reality – relying more on abstraction. Abstraction is a conceptual process derived from concrete realities, while taking away actual, original entities. In brief, abstraction is the selection

12、 of a certain aspect of a concept from the whole (The American Heritage Medical Dictionary, 2007). Abstract thinking involves forming a view based on out- of-the-box thought processes, those not limited to what is in fr

13、ont of one’s face. An abstract thinker can therefore give multiple meanings to objects and present a large variety of ideas to solve problems. Abstract thinking involves a mental process to reduce information of a lit

14、eral concept or phenomena. Mental imagery is included in such a process, and is an experience that resembles the experience of perceiving an object, event or scene, but one which occurs when the relevant object, event

15、or scene is not actually present to the senses (Finke, 1989). Mental imagery gives mental images and a mental interpretation of the environment known to an individual, generally through picture-like representations th

16、at include, but are not limited to, symbols, signs, languages, drawings, maps and diagrams. Symbols are objects, characters or other representations of ideas, concepts, objects or abstractions, that represent something

17、 else by association, resemblance or convention. Signs are indications that suggest the existence of a fact, condition or quality (The American Heritage Dictionary, 1983). Apart from that definition, a sign stands for

18、something known, as a word stands for its referent. In contrast, a symbol is viewed as something that is unknown and that cannot be made clear or precise (Jung, 1971). Languages are systems of signs, symbols and other

19、representations used for communication (The American Heritage Dictionary, 1983), whereas drawings are portrayals of forms or figures, using lines drawn on a surface. Maps are drawings that give a particular type of in

20、formation about a particular area (Cambridge Dictionaries Online), diagrams are abstract graphic portrayals of the subject matter they represent (Lowe, 1993), while flowcharts, types of diagram, identify the stages of

21、a process. These abstract features are capably taken on by youths during their cognitive stage (Ittelson et al, 1974). 3. Methodology The participants in the study were requested to draw a map for a traveler who wants t

22、o go to the Southern Bus Station in Bangkok, from Silpakorn University’s Bangkok Campus. The maps so obtained varied in their style and thus can be explored. 3.1. Participants Twenty-one students attending the Environm

23、ent and Human Behavior course at the Faculty of Architecture, Silpakorn University, were selected to participate in the study. Their ages vary from 19 to 21 years old, as they consist of fourth-year and fifth-year stud